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Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2001) - Macau (2001)
Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2001) z Macau (2001)
| Micronesia, Federated States of (2001) | Macau (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615) 15-64 years: 70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431) 65 years and over: 7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens | rice, vegetables |
| Airports | 7 (2000 est.) | 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Truk (Chuuk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae |
total:
21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | four times the size of Washington, DC | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid. | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. |
| Birth rate | - | 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$161 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) |
revenues:
$1.26 billion expenditures: $1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.) |
| Capital | Palikir | - |
| Climate | tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 6,112 km | 40 km |
| Constitution | 10 May 1979 | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) abbreviation: FSM |
conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
| Currency | US dollar (USD) | pataca (MOP) |
| Death rate | - | 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $111 million (1997 est.) | $1.7 billion (1997) |
| Dependency status | - | special administrative region of China |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Diane E. WATSON embassy: address NA, Kolonia mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941 telephone: [691] 320-2187 FAX: [691] 320-2186 |
the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383 FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam) |
none (special administrative region of China) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US will provide $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001 | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remoteness of the location and a lack of adequate facilities hinder development. In 1996, the country experienced a 20% reduction in revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement between the US and Micronesia in which Micronesia receives $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001 - as a result of the second step-down under the agreement. Since these revenues accounted for 57% of consolidated government revenues, reduced Compact funding resulted in a severe depression. While Micronesia's economy appears to have bottomed out in 1999, the country's medium-term economic outlook remains fragile due to likely further reductions in external grants made under the US Compact funding. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth. | The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 1.422 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 3 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 165 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 1.355 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Totolom 791 m |
lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 174 m |
| Environment - current issues | overfishing | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other |
| Exchange rates | the US dollar is used | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Leo A. FALCAM (since 21 July 1999); Vice President Redley KILLION (since 21 July 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators-at-large for four-year terms; election last held NA May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003) election results: Leo A. FALCAM elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA% |
chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: NA |
| Exports | $73 million (f.o.b., 1996 est.) | $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | fish, garments, bananas, black pepper | textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery |
| Exports - partners | Japan, US, Guam | US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 October - 30 September | calendar year |
| Flag description | light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $263 million (1999 est.)
note: GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually |
purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
19% industry: 4% services: 77% (1996 est.) |
agriculture:
1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $2,000 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.3% (1999 est.) | 2% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 6 55 N, 158 15 E | 22 10 N, 113 33 E |
| Geography - note | four major island groups totaling 607 islands | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland |
| Highways | total:
240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1996) |
total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $168 million (c.i.f., 1996 est.) | $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages | raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | US, Japan, Australia | China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999) |
| Independence | 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, construction, fish processing, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls | clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.6% (FY98/99) | -1.8% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region |
| Labor force | NA | 283,450 (1999) |
| Labor force - by occupation | two-thirds are government employees | restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km |
| Land use | arable land:
NA% permanent crops: NA% permanent pastures: NA% forests and woodland: NA% other: NA% |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 98% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
| Legal system | based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws | based on Portuguese civil law system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each of state - to serve four-year terms and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population - to serve two-year terms)
elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA March 2003); elections for two-year term seats last held 6 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14 |
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population:
81.69 years male: 78.88 years female: 84.64 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
| Map references | Oceania | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
not specified |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | none (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 |
| Military branches | - | Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Constitution Day, 10 May (1979) | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
| Nationality | noun:
Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Kosrae(s), Pohnpeian(s), Trukese, Yapese |
noun:
Chinese adjective: Chinese |
| Natural hazards | typhoons (June to December) | typhoons |
| Natural resources | forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | - | 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | no formal parties | the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]
note: there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] |
| Population | 134,597 (July 2001 est.) | 453,733 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 1.79% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen | Macau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 160,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other and none 3% | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 11,000 (2001) | 176,837 (2000) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 120,957 (2000) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (1997) | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) |
| Terrain | islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk | generally flat |
| Total fertility rate | - | 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 16% (1999 est.) | 6.6% (2000) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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